The concept of sovereignty has been a key idea in the evolution of the modern world and the all-powerful nation-state. Initially, it involved the state's authority to exercise legal violence in order to maintain order within a given territory.
Gradually nation states have assumed more legitimate claims over the exclusive authority within its territorial boundaries by adding \relfare functions. With this, citizens have developed expectations on their nation states' ability to resolve their problems. Objectivity in the exercise of authority lends legitimacy to the acts of nation-state.
In the late twentieth century, the nation state, however, enters into crisis with the advent of globalisation. Its ability to act independently has been strained by the external forces at the global level and internal forces at the local level. Nation-states are betwixed by the forces of global integration and of local fragmentation.
The most important structuring of relationship in most peoples' lives has been their relationship to the nation- state. The people who have hitherto had a privileged link to the state, no longer have it, as sites are neither able to negotiate with global forces on their own nor are capable of forging a sense of unity among their citizens who choose to live through exclusive identities.
The developing countries feel this more intensely because the disability of the state on both fronts is more prominent. Citizens are seeking new forms of organisation, which involve asserting their identities in different ways. The effects are manifold.
Local communities, seeking a greater share of resources, will sometimes see that their interests lie in underpinning nation-states, at other times in subverting them. The rising local forces are increasingly seeking to project their issues at global level putting pressure on nation-state. The recent phenomenon of world summits is a case in point to explain haw the local communities are seeking to become trans- border entities.
The Vienna Summit of human rights groups, the Beijing Summit of women groups, Rio Summit of ecological groups, Durban Summit against Racism or the World Social Forum (WSF) are all mobilising the local communities across nations on the lines of ethnic, caste, gender, ecological issues.
They raise the questions of social justice beyond the purview of nation- states and connect these local groups with the global processes. For instance, . The track record of human rights within a country has emerged as a crucial issue in disbursement of loans or grants by international lending agencies. This explains how nation-state is coming under the pressure from both the domestic and global forces.
Gradually nation states have assumed more legitimate claims over the exclusive authority within its territorial boundaries by adding \relfare functions. With this, citizens have developed expectations on their nation states' ability to resolve their problems. Objectivity in the exercise of authority lends legitimacy to the acts of nation-state.
In the late twentieth century, the nation state, however, enters into crisis with the advent of globalisation. Its ability to act independently has been strained by the external forces at the global level and internal forces at the local level. Nation-states are betwixed by the forces of global integration and of local fragmentation.
The most important structuring of relationship in most peoples' lives has been their relationship to the nation- state. The people who have hitherto had a privileged link to the state, no longer have it, as sites are neither able to negotiate with global forces on their own nor are capable of forging a sense of unity among their citizens who choose to live through exclusive identities.
The developing countries feel this more intensely because the disability of the state on both fronts is more prominent. Citizens are seeking new forms of organisation, which involve asserting their identities in different ways. The effects are manifold.
Local communities, seeking a greater share of resources, will sometimes see that their interests lie in underpinning nation-states, at other times in subverting them. The rising local forces are increasingly seeking to project their issues at global level putting pressure on nation-state. The recent phenomenon of world summits is a case in point to explain haw the local communities are seeking to become trans- border entities.
The Vienna Summit of human rights groups, the Beijing Summit of women groups, Rio Summit of ecological groups, Durban Summit against Racism or the World Social Forum (WSF) are all mobilising the local communities across nations on the lines of ethnic, caste, gender, ecological issues.
They raise the questions of social justice beyond the purview of nation- states and connect these local groups with the global processes. For instance, . The track record of human rights within a country has emerged as a crucial issue in disbursement of loans or grants by international lending agencies. This explains how nation-state is coming under the pressure from both the domestic and global forces.
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